Basic Methods For Assessment Of Renal Fluoride Excretion In Community Prevention Programmes For Oral Health By WHO

Fluoride is a natural constituent of all types of human diet and is present, in varying amounts, in drinking water throughout the world. Because of its value in preventing decay (i.e. formation of dental caries), fluoride is increasingly being used for this purpose in several countries. Enamel     fluorosis (unsightly mottling of the teeth) is the only untoward effect of the use of fluoride, and the condition is known to occur in regions worldwide wherever drinking water contains high levels of     fluoride naturally. Most of the time throughout the day, teeth are bathed in saliva; hence, the teeth benefit from fl uoride ions present in the oral environment, originating from a number of sources to which the individual may be exposed. The concentration of fluoride in saliva varies among individuals, and depends on various factors such as salivary secretion rate and the type of fluoride exposure. To exert a cariostatic effect, fluoride levels need to rise above the predominantly low level several times throughout the day. When fluoride is added to vehicles such as water, salt or milk, it becomes available in the oral cavity at optimal levels several times a day, whereas tooth brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste provide concentrated fluoride twice a day. These methods of    fluoride supplementation are highly successful in reducing levels of dental caries in entire populations. Fluoride is also available through concentrated gels, rinsing solutions, lacquers or varnishes. These methods are most appropriate for selective use on individuals who are suffering from high caries activity.

Link : http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112662/1/9789241548700_eng.pdf